What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer women?
Signs and symptoms of cancer include:
A lump in the breasts
Change the size/shape/representation of the breast
Change/new dimple in chest skin
Newly inverted nipple
Peeling and chipped skin around the nipple (areola)
Redness of the skin on the chest
However, the cause of cancer development is still unknown, if cancer affects the breast, leading to abnormal development of breast tissue cells. Cancer cells in the breast begin to multiply faster and uncontrollably, which then begins to form lumps (tumor growth). Cancer is also known to spread to other surrounding tissues and organs, including lymph nodes (metastasis).
Breast cancer is most commonly found in tissue cells in the milk-producing ducts (also known as invasive ductal carcinoma) or in the lumps (invasive lobular carcinoma) and elsewhere in the breast.
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
It is successfully treated if diagnosed earlier and treated appropriately. Some of the best and most common diagnostic tests for breast cancer include:Breast exam - This is a physical breast exam that allows your doctor to check your breast tissue for lumps. Your doctor will check your breasts and lymph nodes in your armpit for abnormalities.
Mammography - It's a breast x-ray test. They are very useful for indicating abnormal growth in breast tissue.
Ultrasound - Ultrasound tests use high-frequency sound waves to produce detailed images of the internal structure of the breast. This test will effectively highlight any type of abnormal lumps or masses in the breast.
Biopsy - The surgeon will use a minimally invasive surgical technique to remove a small amount of suspicious cancer tissue from the breast. This sample of breast tissue is sent to a pathology lab for detailed analysis.
Magnetic resonance imaging - Magnetic breast imaging (MRI) is an advanced imaging test. It uses powerful magnets and radio waves to produce a clearly detailed cross-sectional image of breast tissue. A contrast dye is often injected before the breast MRI to highlight any abnormalities in the breast tissue.
These tests help diagnose cancer. If breast cancer is found in a person, your doctor will recommend one of these tests to determine the stage of breast cancer:
Blood test - A CBC (full blood count) test is very helpful in determining the stage of breast cancer.
Extended mammogram
Chest MRI
Breast CT scan
Breast PET (positron emission tomography)
The staging process helps your doctor determine the extent of breast cancer growth, and this in turn helps determine the most appropriate breast cancer treatment for the case.
How is breast cancer treated?
There are different methods to treat cancer. The type of treatment depends mainly on several factors, such as the stage of cancer, the size of cancer, its size along with the patient's age, the total level of health, etc., which the doctor will take into account.These are the different types of cancer treatments:
Surgery
Surgical removal of breast cancer is one of the most common and effective treatment methods. In this, there are subtypes of surgical procedures that are performed including:Lumpectomy - This is a selective surgical cancer treatment for smaller breast tumors. The surgeon will use a broad local excision method to remove cancerous tissue and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue, as well as to prevent cancer from recurring.
Mastectomy - This is one of the most important operations for cancer. It involves removing all tissue from the mammary gland, including laryngitis, fatty tissue, the dairy ducts, nipple, areola, and part of the skin.
Sentinel node biopsy - This surgical treatment of the mammary gland is useful for determining whether cancer has spread to the surrounding lymph nodes. Your surgeon will remove some of the lymph nodes closest to your breast to look for cancer cells or tumor drainage.
Dissection of the axillary lymph nodes - If the surgeon finds cancer cells in the sentinel lymph nodes, additional lymph nodes near the armpit may also need to be surgically removed.
Prophylactic contralateral mastectomy - This surgery involves the complete removal of breast tissue, even if the cancer is found to affect one of the breasts. This is done to prevent the risk of cancer in the affected breast and cancer spreading to the other healthy breast tissue.
Radiotherapy
Radiation therapy, also known as radiation therapy, is a method of treating breast cancer that uses high-energy x-rays (or protons) to specifically destroy cancer cells in breast tissue. Radiation therapy may be performed as an external procedure or the surgeon may use minimally invasive surgical techniques to insert a small radioactive device into the breast (brachytherapy) for narrower access while providing an effective radiation dose to the breast tissue cells that cause cancer.It is often used in combination with the surgical treatment of breast cancer if surgery cannot remove all cancerous tissue.
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